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The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification, stability analysis, and engineering design in rock engineering. Various UCS testing methods and apparatuses have been proposed over .Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is a key physical test relevant to iron ore .The point load test (PLT) has been considered a flexible approach to . To study the influence of control mode and loading rate on mechanical property of rock, uniaxial compression tests of four types of rocks (gray sandstone, red sandstone, .
1.1 These four test methods cover the determination of the strength of intact rock core specimens in uniaxial and triaxial compression. Methods A and B determine the triaxial . In this study, we propose a novel approach to estimate rock deformation under uniaxial compression using extreme gradient boosting (XGB), Extra trees regression (ETR), and K-Nearest.
Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is a key physical test relevant to iron ore crusher design and rock geomechanics for mining. Tests are typically performed on intact lengths of NQ, HQ, or . The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification, stability analysis, and engineering design in rock engineering.. This study embodies the existing strain measuring instruments during UCT of rocks, their principles, features, accuracy, merits, and demerits are correctly scrutinized. The paper . In this paper, based on the results of laboratory experiments, a numerical model of large flawed rock samples is established by using particle flow software PFC2D, and the .
The point load test (PLT) has been considered a flexible approach to estimate the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rocks. Previously, empirical equations were obtained .
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The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification, stability analysis, and engineering design in rock engineering.[4] ASTM D3148-02 2002 Standard Test Method for Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression ASTM 04 1-6. Google Scholar [5] ASTM-D7012-14 2014 Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress ASTM 1-9. Google Scholar The specific preparation method of the sample is described previously. 48, 49 After the sample was prepared, an electrohydraulic servo rock test system (RMT-150B; Fig. 2 (a)) and DS5-8B holographic acoustic emission signal analyzer (Fig. 2 (c)) were used to conduct a uniaxial compression test on the sample, and the acoustic emission data . As shown in Fig. 3. the stress–strain curve of rock under uniaxial compression shows four stages: compaction, elastic deformation, plastic deformation and post-peak brittle failure.In the compaction stage, the curve shows a concave shape, indicating that the internal pores and cracks of the rock are gradually sealed under compression, showing nonlinear .
The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test is crucial in determining the strength and stiffness behavior of intact rock and is frequently utilized by industry to determine project site characteristics. A fundamental procedure of UCS testing is strain response measurement. Conventionally, discrete strain measuring devices such as extensometers and/or electric foil .
The properties of the uniaxial test will be discussed first, before considering triaxial and other multiaxial loading cases. In its simplest form, the uniaxial compression test is conducted by taking a right cylinder of intact rock, loading it along its axis and recording the displacement produced as the force is increased.
The conventional rock uniaxial compression test is a common method to measure the rock UCS (Chen et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018; Meng et al. 2016; Xu and Dai 2017). However, on-site core drilling and laboratory testing is required, which is a cumbersome process with long measurement periods. Thus, the surrounding rock UCS at a construction site .
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Point Load test is an alternate method that can be used to adequately predict the uniaxial compressive strength of a rock material using a portable and simpler equipment. Schmidt Hammer Rebound test is also a technique used for this purpose but, it is admitted that its results are far more variable and affected by testing methods.In this paper, uniaxial compression tests on layered rock specimens are numerically modelled using the discrete element method to investigate the effect of a soft interlayer on the strength and deformation of rock specimens. For these simulations, the thickness and dip angle of the soft interlayer were varied. Thirty-five numerical models for different cases were established after .
Accordingly, some suggestions are made for the uniaxial compression test. Firstly, the aspect ratio of specimen can be made over than 2 during the samples manufacturing. Secondly, the antifriction measures should be made during the tests. Then, the obtained strength of rock specimen in uniaxial compression test can be more meaningful.
One of the parameters which affect the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock materials is the length to diameter ratio (L/D) of test cores. ASTM recommends a ratio of between 2 and 2.5, and ISRM suggests 2.5–3:1. Research has shown that high UCS values are obtained for L/D ratios <2, a very slight difference in values between 2 and 2.5, and they .
Figure 8-2: Uniaxial Compression Test on Rock with (a) Definitions of stress conditions and strains, (b) Derived stress-strain curve with peak stress corresponding to the uniaxial compressive strength (qu = F u) Commentary The uniaxial compression test is most direct means of determining rock strength. The The mechanical properties and behavior of coal rock under both static and dynamic loading rates are of importance in the coal mining practices. In this study, both quasi-static and dynamic uniaxial compression tests are conducted on coal rock, considering the bedding directivity of coal rocks using a MTS hydraulic servo-control testing machine and split . The uniaxial compression strength (UCS) is a typical parameter for rock mass classification in rock engineering (Barton 1973; Barton and Choubey 1977).The UCS determination requires a sufficient number of well-prepared specimens in accordance with the suggested methods by the International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and is usually .
Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of EUROCK 2017. Keywords: Suface spalling; Axial splitting; Uniaxial compression test; Discrete element modeling 1. Introduction Axial splitting is a complicated failure mechanism that is normally observed in uniaxial compressive testing of rock. The PLT is considered a flexible strength-index test for rock engineering projects, which has been recommended by the International Society for Rock Mechanics . Numerical studies of the influence of microstructure on rock failure in uniaxial compression - Part I: effect of heterogeneity. Int J Rock Mech Min, 37 (4) (2000), pp. 555-569.Fig. 2.2 shows a typical result from a uniaxial test.The applied axial stress (denoted σ z) is plotted as a function of the axial strain (ε z) of the sample.Several important concepts are defined in the figure: Elastic region: The rock deforms elastically. If the stress is released, then the specimen will return to its original state.
Ten cores of each rock type were used for the uniaxial compression, point load and Schmidt hammer tests, whereas an average of three tests for each rock type was used to determine the Los Angeles .
Abstract. To reveal the characteristics of energy accumulation and energy dissipation during rock deformation and failure, cyclic uniaxial compression experiments under 36 different loading and unloading schemes were carried out on 180 red sandstone specimens using an MTS 815 rock mechanics test system (MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, .The device used in uniaxial compressive strength testing consists of the following parts: a force applying compression machine that constantly applies the required force at a given speed until the end of the test (picture 1); pressure plates, steel plates that are used to transfer the axial load to the ends of the sample.
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In this study, an automatic compression test machine of 1,000 kN load capacity (Fig. 2a) was used for uniaxial compression tests of all rock specimens. The test procedure followed and calculations of UCS were in accordance with ASTM ( 2001 ).
Such a procedure would be referred as polyaxial or true triaxial test. Moreover, research has shown that the effect of the intermediate stress is minor. The principal stresses applied during a triaxial test are presented in Figure 1. Figure 1: The principal stresses applied in a cylindrical rock sample in triaxial testing (σ1> σ2= σ3) The uniaxial compressive strength test of hard rock is one of the most worldwide applied tests for characterization of hard rock in rock engineering and engineering geology. The uniaxial compressive strength as the results of this test is a basic parameter, used, for example, for the design of rock engineering structures. In the commonly applied standards, stress . Some uniaxial-strain compressibility test protocols require pore-pressure control. For a uniaxial-strain compressibility test with a horizontal or axial flow component, a continuous flow pump is necessary. All equipment shall be calibrated at suitable intervals, according to ASTM E4-14 and ASTM E2309/E2309M-05 or their equivalents. The rock mechanics’ test system of TAW-3000 is used for the test. The uniaxial compression test is performed with displacement loading in the direction parallel to the longest size of the specimen and applied at a loading rate of 0.002 mm/s. At the beginning of the experiment, the loading system and the high-speed camera are running .
Rocks have formed heterogeneous characteristics after experiencing complex natural geological processes. Studying the heterogeneity of rocks is significant for rock mechanics. In this study, a linear parallel bond model with Weibull distribution in two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D) is adopted to study the mechanical characteristics and brittle . Several methods have been used to determine the rock tensile properties, such as the uniaxial tension test (Perras and Diederichs, 2014; Rao et al., 2021), the Brazilian test (Li and Wong, 2013), and the three-point bending test (Biolzi et al., 2001; Lochan and Polak, 2022).Generally, rock is not subjected to pure uniaxial tensile stress in indirect tensile tests.
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uniaxial compression test for rock|uniaxial vs unconfined compressive strength